TABEL PENGARUH KONSENTRASI KARBONMONOKSIDA (CO) YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM ASAP YANG DILEPASKAN DARI HASIL TERBAKARNYA HUTAN, LAHAN DAN GAMBUT

TABEL PENGARUH KONSENTRASI COHb DALAM DARAH TERHADAP KESEHATAN MANUSIA
Konsentrasi COHb dalam darah (%)				Pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan
<	1			Tidak ada pengaruh
	1	-	2	Penampilan agak tidak normal
	2	-	5	Sistem saraf pusat (CNS), reaksi pancaindera tidak normal, pandangan kabur
>	5			Perubahan fungsi jantung
	10	-	80	Kepala pusing, mual, berkunang-kunang, pingsan, sukar bernafas dan kematian

Jika Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara (ISPU) pada kadar karbonmonoksida (CO) yang terkandung dalam asap di udara yang dilepaskan dari hasil terbakarnya hutan, lahan dan gambut, maka diperoleh hasil perhitungan sebagai berikut :

Konsentrasi Karbonmonoksida (CO) di udara	300	ppm
Persentase COHb dalam darah	48,5	%

TABEL KOMPOSISI VOLUME ATMOSFER (UDARA) DALAM KONDISI KEMARAU

Composition of dry atmosphere, by volume^{[▽note 1]}

Gas (and others)		Volume by various[15][▽note 2]		Volume by CIPM-2007[16]		Volume by ASHRAE[17]		▼ Tap this text to expand or collapse the table ▲
		ppmv[▽note 3]	percentile	ppmv	percentile	ppmv	percentile
Nitrogen	(N2)	780,800	(78.080%)	780,848	(78.0848%)	780,818	(78.0818%)
Oxygen	(O2)	209,500	(20.950%)	209,390	(20.9390%)	209,435	(20.9435%)
Argon	(Ar)	9,340	(0.9340%)	9,332	(0.9332%)	9,332	(0.9332%)
Carbon dioxide	(CO2)	397.8	(0.03978%)	400	(0.0400%)	385	(0.0385%)
Neon	(Ne)	18.18	(0.001818%)	18.2	(0.00182%)	18.2	(0.00182%)
Helium	(He)	5.24	(0.000524%)	5.2	(0.00052%)	5.2	(0.00052%)
Methane	(CH4)	1.81	(0.000181%)	1.5	(0.00015%)	1.5	(0.00015%)
Krypton	(Kr)	1.14	(0.000114%)	1.1	(0.00011%)	1.1	(0.00011%)
Hydrogen	(H2)	0.55	(0.000055%)	0.5	(0.00005%)	0.5	(0.00005%)
Nitrous oxide	(N2O)	0.325	(0.0000325%)	0.3	(0.00003%)	0.3	(0.00003%)
Carbon monoxide	(CO)	0.1	(0.00001% )	0.2	(0.00002%)	0.2	(0.00002%)
Xenon	(Xe)	0.09	(0.000009%)	0.1	(0.00001%)	0.1	(0.00001%)
Nitrogen dioxide	(NO2)	0.02	(0.000002%)	-	-	-	-
Iodine	(I2)	0.01	(0.000001%)	-	-	-	-
Ammonia	(NH3)	trace	trace	-	-	-	-
Sulphur dioxide	(SO2)	trace	trace	-	-	-	-
Ozone	(O3)	0.02 to 0.07 [▽note 4]	(2 to 7×10−6%) [▽note 4]	-	-	-	-
Trace to 30 ppm [▽note 6]	(----)	-	-	-	-	2.9	(0.00029%)
Dry air total	(air)	1,000,065.265	(100.0065265%)	999,997.100	(99.9997100%)	1,000,000.000	(100.0000000%)
Not included in above dry atmosphere:
Water vapor	(H2O)	~0.25% by mass over full atmosphere, locally 0.001%–5% by volume.[21]
▽Concentration pertains to the troposphere ▽The NASA total value do not add up to exactly 100% due to roundoff and uncertainty. To normalize, N2 should be reduced by about 51.46 ppmv and O2 by about 13.805 ppmv. ▽ppmv: parts per million by volume (note: volume fraction is equal to mole fraction for ideal gas only, see volume (thermodynamics)) ▽values disregarded for the calculation of total dry air ▽(O3) concentration up to 0.07 ppmv (7×10−6%) in summer and up to 0.02 ppmv (2×10−6%) in winter ▽volumetric composition value adjustment factor (sum of all trace gases, below the (CO2), and adjusts for 30 ppmv)

TABEL HUBUNGAN PENGARUH ANTARA SUHU UDARA DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK KERAPATAN ANGIN

Effect of temperature on properties of air

Temperature T (°C)	Speed of sound c (m/s)	Density of air ρ (kg/m3)	Characteristic specific acoustic impedance z0 (Pa·s/m)
35	351.88	1.1455	403.2
30	349.02	1.1644	406.5
25	346.13	1.1839	409.4
20	343.21	1.2041	413.3
15	340.27	1.2250	416.9
10	337.31	1.2466	420.5
5	334.32	1.2690	424.3
0	331.30	1.2922	428.0
−5	328.25	1.3163	432.1
−10	325.18	1.3413	436.1
−15	322.07	1.3673	440.3
−20	318.94	1.3943	444.6
−25	315.77	1.4224	449.1

TABEL SKALA KECEPATAN ANGIN DAN POTENSIAL KERUSAKAN BERDASARKAN SKALA FUJITA

Enhanced Fujita scale

The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) rates the strength of tornadoes in the United States based on the damage they cause. Below is that scale.

Scale	Wind speed		Relative frequency	Potential damage
	mph	km/h
EF0	65–85	105–137	53.5%	Minor or no damage. Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over. Confirmed tornadoes with no reported damage (i.e., those that remain in open fields) are always rated EF0.
EF1	86–110	138–178	31.6%	Moderate damage. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken.
EF2	111–135	179–218	10.7%	Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-constructed houses; foundations of frame homes shifted; mobile homes completely destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.
EF3	136–165	219–266	3.4%	Severe damage. Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed; severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations are badly damaged.
EF4	166–200	267–322	0.7%	Extreme damage. Well-constructed and whole frame houses completely leveled; cars and other large objects thrown and small missiles generated.
EF5	>200	>322	<0.1%	Total Destruction. Strong-framed, well-built houses leveled off and foundations swept away; steel-reinforced concrete structures are critically damaged; tall buildings collapse or have severe structural deformations.

TABEL KLASIFIKASI ANGIN DAN KLASIFIKASI ANGIN SIKLON TROPIS (TROPICAL CYCLONE CLASSIFICATION)

General wind classifications			Tropical cyclone classifications (all winds are 10-minute averages)
Beaufort scale[18]	10-minute sustained winds (knots)	General term[21]	N Indian Ocean IMD	SW Indian Ocean MF	Australian region South Pacific BoM, BMKG, FMS, MSNZ	NW Pacific JMA	NW Pacific JTWC	NE Pacific & N Atlantic NHC & CPHC
0	<1	Calm	Low Pressure Area	Tropical disturbance	Tropical low Tropical Depression	Tropical depression	Tropical depression	Tropical depression
1	1–3	Light air
2	4–6	Light breeze
3	7–10	Gentle breeze
4	11–16	Moderate breeze
5	17–21	Fresh breeze	Depression
6	22–27	Strong breeze
7	28–29	Moderate gale	Deep depression	Tropical depression
	30–33
8	34–40	Fresh gale	Cyclonic storm	Moderate tropical storm	Tropical cyclone (1)	Tropical storm	Tropical storm	Tropical storm
9	41–47	Strong gale
10	48–55	Whole gale	Severe cyclonic storm	Severe tropical storm	Tropical cyclone (2)	Severe tropical storm
11	56–63	Storm
12	64–72	Hurricane	Very severe cyclonic storm	Tropical cyclone	Severe tropical cyclone (3)	Typhoon	Typhoon	Hurricane (1)
13	73–85							Hurricane (2)
14	86–89				Severe tropical cyclone (4)			Major hurricane (3)
15	90–99			Intense tropical cyclone
16	100–106							Major hurricane (4)
17	107–114				Severe tropical cyclone (5)
	115–119			Very intense tropical cyclone			Super typhoon
	>120		Super cyclonic storm					Major hurricane (5)

TABEL KATEGORI INDEKS TINGKAT TOLERANSI BAIK HINGGA BAHAYA KADAR ASAP TERHADAP KESEHATAN MANUSIA DAN TINDAKAN SOLUSI MANAJEMEN PENCEGAHAN

Index Category	Management Measures
≤100 (Good/Moderate)	Normal activities
101-200 (Unhealthy)	Schools will minimise outdoor activities such as outdoor assembly, outdoor camps and sports activities. Students and staff who are unwell will be temporarily accommodated in an air-conditioned room with an air purifier, before they are taken to seek medical attention. Parents of these students will also be notified. Students with pre-existing lung and heart conditions or are unwell will be exempted from all physical exercise.
201-300 (Very Unhealthy)	There will be no physical exercises (indoor and outdoor). Classroom lessons will continue, but lessons may be modified as appropriate. For instance, students may be assigned work that can be completed at their desks. Students and staff who are unwell will be temporarily accommodated in an air-conditioned room with an air purifier, before they are taken to seek medical attention. Parents of these students will also be notified. Students with pre-existing lung and heart conditions will be moved to enclosed indoor spaces, such as school library.
> 300 (Hazardous)	If PSI reaches 'Hazardous' level during school hours: Schools will scale down lessons. All students, including those with pre-existing lung and heart conditions, will be in enclosed indoor spaces, including classrooms with doors and windows fully closed. Schools will spread out students across the enclosed indoor spaces, such as the library, to allow for better thermal comfort and ventilation. Students and staff who are unwell will be temporarily accommodated in an air-conditioned room with an air purifier, before they are taken to seek medical attention. Parents of these students will also be notified.

BELAJAR TENTANG MENGETAHUI NILAI TOTAL MASSA KARBONDIOKSIDA (CO2) YANG DILEPASKAN KE ATMOSFER (UDARA) SELAMA TERJADI KEBAKARAN HUTAN, LAHAN DAN GAMBUT

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BELAJAR TENTANG MENGETAHUI NILAI TOTAL MASSA KARBON YANG DILEPASKAN KE ATMOSFER (UDARA) SELAMA TERJADI KEBAKARAN HUTAN, LAHAN DAN GAMBUT

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BELAJAR TENTANG MENGETAHUI NILAI EMISI GAS (ASAP) DARI KEBAKARAN HUTAN, LAHAN DAN GAMBUT

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