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People with sleep apnea may
be at greater risk for developing pneumonia, according to a new study. And the
more severe the sleep apnea, the greater the risk, the research suggests.
"This study showed that sleep apnea is an independent
risk factor for incident pneumonia," wrote Dr. Vincent Yi-Fong Su and Dr.
Kun-Ta Chou of the department of chest medicine at Taipei Veterans General
Hospital in Taiwan. "Our results also demonstrated an exposure-response
relation in that patients with more severe sleep apnea may have a higher risk
of pneumonia than patients with sleep apnea of milder severity."
The sleep disorder causes the upper airway to become blocked,
cutting off oxygen during sleep. The researchers said this increases the risk
for aspiration, or inhaling contents or fluid from the throat into the lungs.
This can put people at greater risk for pneumonia.
The 11-year study, published March 3 in CMAJ, involved 34,100 patients.
Close to 7,000 of these participants had sleep apnea, and about 27,000 did not.
The researchers found that more than 9 percent of the sleep
apnea group developed pneumonia, compared to less than 8 percent of those
without the sleep disorder. The risk was higher among patients using continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, considered the gold standard for
treating sleep apnea.
However, those who developed pneumonia were older and had
other health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes and dementia.
While the study showed an association between sleep apnea
and pneumonia risk, it did not prove a cause-and-effect link.
What is pneumonia?
Pneumonia is
a lung infection
that can make you very sick. You may cough, run a fever, and have a hard time
breathing. For most people,pneumonia can
be treated at home. It often clears up in 2 to 3 weeks. But older adults,
babies, and people with other diseases can become very ill. They may need to be
in the hospital.
You can get pneumonia in your daily life, such
as at school or work. This is called community-associated pneumonia. You can
also get it when you are in a hospital or nursing home. This is called
healthcare-associated pneumonia. It may be more severe because you already are
ill. This topic focuses on pneumonia you get in your daily life.
What causes pneumonia?
Germs called bacteria or viruses usually cause
pneumonia.
Pneumonia usually starts when you breathe the
germs into your lungs. You may be more likely to get the disease after having a
cold or the flu.
These illnesses make it hard for your lungs to fight infection, so it is easier
to get pneumonia. Having a long-term, or chronic, disease like asthma, heart disease, cancer, or diabetes also makes
you more likely to get pneumonia.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of
pneumonia caused by bacteria usually come on quickly. They may
include:
·
Cough. You will likely
cough up mucus (sputum)
from your lungs. Mucus may be rusty or green or tinged with blood.
·
Fever.
·
Fast breathing and
feeling short of breath.
·
Shaking and "teeth-chattering"
chills. You may have this only one time or many times.
·
Chest pain that
often feels worse when you cough or breathe in.
·
Fast heartbeat.
·
Feeling very tired or
feeling very weak.
·
Nausea and
vomiting.
·
Diarrhea.
When you have mild symptoms, your doctor may
call this "walking
pneumonia."
Older adults may have different, fewer, or
milder symptoms. They may not have a fever. Or they may have a cough but not
bring up mucus. The main sign of pneumonia in older adults may be a change in
how well they think. Confusion ordelirium is
common. Or, if they already have a lung disease, that disease may get worse.
Symptoms caused by viruses are the same as those
caused by bacteria. But they may come on slowly and often are not as obvious or
as bad.
How is pneumonia diagnosed?
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and
do a physical exam.
He or she may order a chest X-ray and
a blood test.
This is usually enough for your doctor to know if you have pneumonia. You may
need more tests if you have bad symptoms, are an older adult, or have other
health problems. In general, the sicker you are, the more tests you will have.
Pneumonia - Cause
Viruses, bacteria, or (in
rare cases) parasites or other organisms can cause pneumonia.
·
In most cases, the specific organism (such as bacteria or virus)
cannot be identified even with testing.1 When
an organism is identified, it is usually the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.2
·
Many types of bacteria may cause pneumonia.
Pneumonia caused byMycoplasma pneumoniae is sometimes mild and called "walking
pneumonia."
·
Viruses, such as influenza A (the flu virus) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)can cause
pneumonia.
In people with impaired immune
systems, pneumonia may be caused by other organisms, including some
forms of fungi, such as Pneumocystis
jiroveci (formally called Pneumocystis carinii). This
fungus frequently causes pneumonia in people who have AIDS. Some doctors
may suggest an HIV test
if they think thatPneumocystis jiroveci is causing the pneumonia.
Recommended Related to Lung
Disease/Respiratory Problems
Pulmonary vascular disease is the medical term for disease
affecting the blood vessels leading to or from the lungs. Most forms of
pulmonary vascular disease cause shortness of breath.
Good Sleep
Habits
Getting a good night's sleep is key to performing at your
best during the day. Find out how to get the amount of rest you need.
The amount of sleep a person needs depends on many factors,
including age.
Dreams can be entertaining, disturbing, or downright
bizarre. We all dream -- even if we don't remember it the next day. But why do
we dream? And what do dreams mean, anyway?
Sleep stages are divided into non-rapid eye movement
(non-REM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
Learn about your sleep patterns and habits by keeping a
daily sleep diary. It may be key to helping you and your health care provider
diagnose and treat a sleep disorder.
Is there a relationship between your personality and how
you prefer to sleep?
Living
& Managing
Whether you have occasional trouble sleeping or you’re
living with a sleep disorder, you can get quality sleep and learn to better
manage your sleeping disorder.
When your partner has a sleep disorder, it's a good bet he
or she is not the only one missing out on a good night's rest. More than
likely, your sleep is being affected, too.
Jet lag can occur when people travel quickly across several
time zones, which causes their internal biological rhythm to be out of sync
with the new destination time.
Sumber : MD
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